Bacterial
Pullorum
Salmonella pullorum
Survivability:
These bacteria are relatively resistant to drought, cold, and disinfectants and survive in the soil for about 128-148 days in winter.
the host:
Salmonella pullorum’s main host is poultry, which is less pathogenic in turkey.
Epidemiology:
By using the methods of preparing disease-free flocks, the proportion of disease in the world as well as in Iran has been reduced. Since 1343, no case of disease has been observed in the Poultry Clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Tehran. However, they have eradicated this disease from Scott like Ireland.
Transmitted disease:
Transmission through hatchery occurs due to eggs from carrier chickens. The plant mostly involves the egg yolk. The fertility of these eggs is low, but one or two chicks are enough to spread this disease. After entering the environment, the feathers of infected chickens spread throughout the environment and cause pneumonia in other birds. Also, the use is removed from the body of chickens through feces and causes, and as a result, spread in the environment.
Diagnosis:
It is usually asymptomatic in chickens and causes its destruction. Its usual symptoms include:
– Gathering of birds next to the heat source
– Anorexia
– Increased thirst
– Ruffled feathers
– White diarrhea
– Stickiness of the denominator of chickens
– Swelling of the joints
The final diagnosis is made by rapid blood test and culture of blood and heart blood from which Salmonella can be isolated purely.
Education and treatment:
You can use live vaccines for poultry, which can be used when the chickens are 3-4 days old and before separating the eggs for hatching. Also, suspicious and undesirable eggs inside the incubator should not be used.
Different antibiotics can be used for treatment.
Listeriosis
Listeria monocytogenes bacterium
Survivability:
This bacterium does not produce capsules, spore, and flagellum and is mobile at 25°C and 37°C.
Host:
Among poultry, chickens, geese, ducks, turkeys, and canaries are susceptible, but the disease has also been reported in pigeons, parrots, partridges, eagles, and owls.
Epidemiology:
A high mortality rate of up to 30% and an annual incidence of 2 to 10 cases per million have been reported by the WHO. The severity of the complications and the occurrence of death depends on the individual’s ability, food consumption, and the pathogenicity of the Listeria monocytogenes strain.
Transmitted disease:
This disease sometimes infects up to 40% of the folk and sometimes appears individually in the folk.
Diagnosis:
The disease may appear as septicemia and cause rapid death, and it is possible to diagnose the disease only from the casualties. However, from the point of view of the body, multiple necrosis of the heart muscle indicates the disease, but the general list of existing symptoms cannot be specific.
Education and treatment:
Disinfecting the environment and keeping the poultry flock away from livestock is one of the air factors. To treat this disease, it is resistant to antibiotics and only a high amount of tetracycline can be effective.